## Summary
Adds the curated **patch registry** and wiring that drives bincraft's new package-patching mechanism (see bincraft PR `feat/package-patching`).
Lets specific packages be patched (env/configure/Makevars overrides or source diffs) before pak installs them — including as transitive dependencies — so compiler-/OS-specific failures like RcppParallel's bundled TBB stop cascading.
## What's included
- `local/patches/registry.json` — initial entry: RcppParallel with `RCPP_PARALLEL_USE_TBB=0` for alpine / ubuntu-2604, plus `local/patches/README.md` schema docs.
- `local/validate-patches.R` — validates schema, referenced patch files, and ambiguous overlaps; clean failure + exit 1 (no stacktrace).
- `.pre-commit-config.yaml` — a `validate-patches` hook (re-runs when the registry or the validator changes).
- `local/build-one.R` / `local/build-all.R` — pass `patches = "local/patches"` to `bincraft::build_binary_package()`.
- `specs/2026-06-30-package-patching-design.md` and `plans/2026-06-30-package-patching-implementation.md`.
## ⚠️ Merge ordering (blocker)
This PR adds a `patches = ...` argument to `build_binary_package()` calls.
The `.crow/*.yaml` workflows currently pin bincraft **v4.2.3**, which does not accept that argument — CI will error with `unused argument (patches=...)` until:
1. bincraft **v4.3.0** is released (PR `feat/package-patching`), and
2. the pin is bumped in `.crow/build-all-versions-install-deps.yaml`, `.crow/build-all-versions.yaml`, and `.crow/process-updates.yaml`.
The `.crow` pin bump will be added to this PR once bincraft v4.3.0 is tagged. Do not merge before then.
Reviewed-on: #103
## Summary
Builds R-minor-sensitive CRAN packages once per installed R minor version (into per-minor S3 slots `…/contrib/<x.y>/`) and everything else once into the generic slot, driven by bincraft 4.2.0's ABI classifier. Both the full and iterative pipelines are covered.
## What's in here
**Detection / precompute**
- `local/r-minor-helpers.R` — pure `classify_from_metadata()` (NeedsCompilation / risky `LinkingTo`) + `parse_build_args()`, with unit tests.
- `local/packages-to-build.R` — adds a per-package `r_minor_sensitive` flag: cheap CRAN-metadata rules first, source download + `bincraft::needs_per_minor_recompile()` only for the ambiguous compiled subset (fail-safe to sensitive). Classified once per package, applied to all versions.
**Full build**
- `local/build-all.R` — passes the per-row `is_r_minor_sensitive` flag; new `--sensitive-only` mode builds just the risky subset.
- `.crow/build-all-versions-{amd64,arm64}.yaml` — install-deps persists the sensitive subset; build step runs a sensitive-only pass under each non-primary `/opt/R/*` minor; new step uploads the generic index plus a per-minor index for each minor.
**Iterative build**
- All 14 `.crow/process-updates-*.yaml` — primary pass uses `r_minor_detection = 'classifier'`; a sensitive-only multi-R pass builds risky updates under each other minor; per-minor index upload added.
**Tooling / housekeeping**
- Pins bincraft `v4.1.1` → `v4.2.0` across all workflows; removes the superseded standalone `build-r-minor-sensitive-packages.yaml`.
- Adds prek/pre-commit hooks (prettier, markdownlint, editorconfig-checker, yamllint, air) and applies them repo-wide; excludes the verbatim GPL `LICENSE.md` and auxiliary shell scripts.
- Design + implementation docs under `docs/superpowers/`.
## Requires before merge
- A `v4.2.0` git tag must be pushed on the bincraft repo (codefloe.com/rpkgs/bincraft) — the workflow install steps pin `@v4.2.0`. The full-build install-deps clones `main`, so it is unaffected.
Reviewed-on: #84
