## Summary
Adds the curated **patch registry** and wiring that drives bincraft's new package-patching mechanism (see bincraft PR `feat/package-patching`).
Lets specific packages be patched (env/configure/Makevars overrides or source diffs) before pak installs them — including as transitive dependencies — so compiler-/OS-specific failures like RcppParallel's bundled TBB stop cascading.
## What's included
- `local/patches/registry.json` — initial entry: RcppParallel with `RCPP_PARALLEL_USE_TBB=0` for alpine / ubuntu-2604, plus `local/patches/README.md` schema docs.
- `local/validate-patches.R` — validates schema, referenced patch files, and ambiguous overlaps; clean failure + exit 1 (no stacktrace).
- `.pre-commit-config.yaml` — a `validate-patches` hook (re-runs when the registry or the validator changes).
- `local/build-one.R` / `local/build-all.R` — pass `patches = "local/patches"` to `bincraft::build_binary_package()`.
- `specs/2026-06-30-package-patching-design.md` and `plans/2026-06-30-package-patching-implementation.md`.
## ⚠️ Merge ordering (blocker)
This PR adds a `patches = ...` argument to `build_binary_package()` calls.
The `.crow/*.yaml` workflows currently pin bincraft **v4.2.3**, which does not accept that argument — CI will error with `unused argument (patches=...)` until:
1. bincraft **v4.3.0** is released (PR `feat/package-patching`), and
2. the pin is bumped in `.crow/build-all-versions-install-deps.yaml`, `.crow/build-all-versions.yaml`, and `.crow/process-updates.yaml`.
The `.crow` pin bump will be added to this PR once bincraft v4.3.0 is tagged. Do not merge before then.
Reviewed-on: #103
A package's ABI sensitivity is the same across R minors, so for a non-sensitive
package the per-minor loop only ran `ensure_bincraft` (a ~14s bincraft/cranlike
install per minor) before build-one.R classified and skipped it. The primary
pass now writes a .r_minor_sensitive sentinel when it builds a sensitive
package, and the wrapper gates the whole per-minor loop (installs included) on
that file — non-sensitive rebuilds no longer touch other minors' libraries.
- Dockerfile: install bincraft into each R minor, run a primary pass plus a
sensitive-only pass under every other /opt/R/[0-9]* minor (deduped by minor),
probe/skip xvfb, set GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0; extra-minor failures are non-fatal.
- build-one.R: add --sensitive-only mode, log + shallow-clone the ABI classify
step, and clear cranlike's stale ./PACKAGES.db before each index refresh
(workaround for the "table packages already exists" bug; pending cranlike fix).
## Summary
Adds a local `just rebuild` recipe to (re)build specific versions of a single package on a given OS/arch, dispatching to a remote buildx builder (the build runs there, not locally).
- `just rebuild <os> <tag> <arch> <package> <version>...` → `docker buildx build --builder <artemis|gaia> --platform linux/<arch> …` (amd64→artemis, arm64→gaia; names + `R_VERSION` env-overridable).
- `docker/build-one.Dockerfile` runs `build-one.R` as a secret-mounted `RUN`, built `--no-cache --output type=cacheonly` (pure side-effect: the S3 upload; no image kept).
- `local/build-one.R` auto-classifies each version via the ABI classifier (risky → per-minor slot `contrib/<x.y>/`, else generic), force-rebuilds + uploads + stores metadata, then refreshes the touched slot's `PACKAGES` index.
## Prerequisites
- buildx builders named `artemis` (amd64) and `gaia` (arm64) registered (`docker buildx create --name artemis ssh://…`).
- Exported secrets: `B2_S3_ACCESS_KEY`, `B2_S3_SECRET_KEY`, `PGPASS` (`GITHUB_PAT` optional).
- bincraft `v4.2.0` tag must exist (the build installs `@v4.2.0` and uses its classifier + per-minor index API).
Reviewed-on: #87
