feat: patch registry + wiring for per-package patching (#103)

## Summary

Adds the curated **patch registry** and wiring that drives bincraft's new package-patching mechanism (see bincraft PR `feat/package-patching`).
Lets specific packages be patched (env/configure/Makevars overrides or source diffs) before pak installs them — including as transitive dependencies — so compiler-/OS-specific failures like RcppParallel's bundled TBB stop cascading.

## What's included

- `local/patches/registry.json` — initial entry: RcppParallel with `RCPP_PARALLEL_USE_TBB=0` for alpine / ubuntu-2604, plus `local/patches/README.md` schema docs.
- `local/validate-patches.R` — validates schema, referenced patch files, and ambiguous overlaps; clean failure + exit 1 (no stacktrace).
- `.pre-commit-config.yaml` — a `validate-patches` hook (re-runs when the registry or the validator changes).
- `local/build-one.R` / `local/build-all.R` — pass `patches = "local/patches"` to `bincraft::build_binary_package()`.
- `specs/2026-06-30-package-patching-design.md` and `plans/2026-06-30-package-patching-implementation.md`.

## ⚠️ Merge ordering (blocker)

This PR adds a `patches = ...` argument to `build_binary_package()` calls.
The `.crow/*.yaml` workflows currently pin bincraft **v4.2.3**, which does not accept that argument — CI will error with `unused argument (patches=...)` until:

1. bincraft **v4.3.0** is released (PR `feat/package-patching`), and
2. the pin is bumped in `.crow/build-all-versions-install-deps.yaml`, `.crow/build-all-versions.yaml`, and `.crow/process-updates.yaml`.

The `.crow` pin bump will be added to this PR once bincraft v4.3.0 is tagged. Do not merge before then.

Reviewed-on: #103

.crow/weekly-rebuild-missing.yaml

@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ steps:
       - git clone -q https://pat-s:$$REPO_RO_TOKEN@git.devxy.io/devxy/build-cran-binaries.git .
       - mkdir -p /mnt/cache/pkgcache /mnt/cache/R-pkgs /mnt/cache/ccache /mnt/cache/packages
       - rm -rf /mnt/cache/R-pkgs/00LOCK-*
-      - /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e 'if (!requireNamespace("bincraft", quietly = TRUE) || packageVersion("bincraft") != "4.2.3") pak::pak("git::https://codefloe.com/rpkgs/bincraft.git@v4.2.3")'
+      - /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e 'if (!requireNamespace("bincraft", quietly = TRUE) || packageVersion("bincraft") != "4.3.1") pak::pak("git::https://codefloe.com/rpkgs/bincraft.git@v4.3.1")'
       - /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e 'packageVersion("bincraft")'
       - XVFB=$(command -v xwfb-run 2>/dev/null || command -v xvfb-run); XVFB_ARGS=""; if command -v xwfb-run >/dev/null 2>&1; then dnf install -y -q weston 2>/dev/null; XVFB_ARGS="-c weston"; fi
       - /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e 'pak::pak("httr2")'
       - /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e 'source("local/fetch-rebuild-packages-from-issue.R")'
-      - $XVFB $XVFB_ARGS -- /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e "sink(stdout(), type = 'message'); options(crayon.enabled = TRUE, Ncpus = $NCPUS, future.globals.onReference = NULL); pkgs <- readLines('/tmp/rebuild_pkgs.txt'); if (length(pkgs) == 0) { cat('Nothing to rebuild\n'); q('no') }; excluded <- jsonlite::fromJSON('local/excluded-packages.json')[['package']]; pkgs <- setdiff(pkgs, excluded); cat(sprintf('Rebuilding %d packages\n', length(pkgs))); n <- length(pkgs); for (i in seq_along(pkgs)) { x <- pkgs[i]; cat(sprintf('[%d/%d] %s\n', i, n, x)); tryCatch(bincraft::build_binary_package(x, tag_limit = 1L, s3_endpoint = 'https://s3.eu-central-003.backblazeb2.com', s3_region = 'eu-central-003', s3_bucket = 'devxy-rpkgs-binaries', s3_access_key_id = Sys.getenv('B2_S3_ACCESS_KEY'), s3_secret_access_key = Sys.getenv('B2_S3_SECRET_KEY'), metadata_db_host = 'r-binaries.devxy.io', metadata_db_name = 'build_metadata', metadata_db_table = 'single_builds', metadata_db_user = 'rpkgs', metadata_db_password = Sys.getenv('PGPASS'), metadata_db_sslmode = 'require', metadata_db_port = 15432, archive = TRUE, upload = TRUE, store_build_metadata = TRUE), error = function(e) cat(sprintf('ERROR building %s - %s\n', x, conditionMessage(e)))) }" 2>&1
+      - $XVFB $XVFB_ARGS -- /opt/R/$R_VERSION/bin/R -q -e "sink(stdout(), type = 'message'); options(crayon.enabled = TRUE, Ncpus = $NCPUS, future.globals.onReference = NULL); pkgs <- readLines('/tmp/rebuild_pkgs.txt'); if (length(pkgs) == 0) { cat('Nothing to rebuild\n'); q('no') }; excluded <- jsonlite::fromJSON('local/excluded-packages.json')[['package']]; pkgs <- setdiff(pkgs, excluded); cat(sprintf('Rebuilding %d packages\n', length(pkgs))); n <- length(pkgs); for (i in seq_along(pkgs)) { x <- pkgs[i]; cat(sprintf('[%d/%d] %s\n', i, n, x)); tryCatch(bincraft::build_binary_package(x, tag_limit = 1L, patches = 'local/patches', s3_endpoint = 'https://s3.eu-central-003.backblazeb2.com', s3_region = 'eu-central-003', s3_bucket = 'devxy-rpkgs-binaries', s3_access_key_id = Sys.getenv('B2_S3_ACCESS_KEY'), s3_secret_access_key = Sys.getenv('B2_S3_SECRET_KEY'), metadata_db_host = 'r-binaries.devxy.io', metadata_db_name = 'build_metadata', metadata_db_table = 'single_builds', metadata_db_user = 'rpkgs', metadata_db_password = Sys.getenv('PGPASS'), metadata_db_sslmode = 'require', metadata_db_port = 15432, archive = TRUE, upload = TRUE, store_build_metadata = TRUE), error = function(e) cat(sprintf('ERROR building %s - %s\n', x, conditionMessage(e)))) }" 2>&1
     backend_options:
       docker:
         resources: